Let's Play Diseases Game..

[vijolica]

Spasticity


Spasticity is involuntary, velocity-dependent, increased muscle tone that results in resistance to movement. The condition may occur secondary to a disorder or trauma, such as a spinal cord injury, a brain injury, a tumor, a stroke, multiple sclerosis, or a peripheral nerve injury. A lag time may exist between injury and spasticity onset, and severity may wax and wane over time. Spasticity may be static or dynamic in nature. Although many therapeutic and medical interventions can attenuate its effects, spasticity can be severely debilitating. In spite of the fact that spasticity may coexist with other conditions, it should not be confused with any of the following:

* Rigidity - Involuntary, bidirectional, non–velocity-dependent resistance to movement
* Clonus - Self-sustaining, oscillating movements secondary to hypertonicity
* Dystonia - Involuntary, sustained contractions resulting in twisting, abnormal postures
* Athetoid movement - Involuntary, irregular, confluent writhing movements
* Chorea - Involuntary, abrupt, rapid, irregular, and unsustained movements
* Ballisms - Involuntary flinging movements of the limbs or body
* Tremor - Involuntary, rhythmic, repetitive oscillations that are not self-sustaining

Next is Y ...

[Riswry]

syphilis


again s

[the spiderman]

S or Y ???????????????

[vijolica]

Yersinia Enterocolitica Infection

Yersinia enterocolitica is a well-described enteric pathogen with distinctive clinical manifestations, a range of outcomes, and a predilection for children. Approximately 75% of patients with Y enterocolitica infection are children aged 5-15 years.
The incubation period is 1-14 days, and the duration of stool excretion is 14-97 days. Symptoms typically persist for 5-14 days.
The spectrum of disease ranges from asymptomatic to life-threatening sepsis, especially in infants.
Care is primarily supportive.
Antibiotics do not influence the course of uncomplicated enteritis.
Always aggressively treat infants younger than 3 months, immunocompromised children, and patients with extraintestinal disease. This treatment is best accomplished in a hospital setting with intravenous antibiotics.


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[mrinal_ua]

nanophthalmos :- abnormal smallness in all dimensions of one or both eyes in the absence of other ocular defects; pure microphthalmos.

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[vijolica]

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion


The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in pediatrics. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality that results from inappropriate continued secretion and/or action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) despite normal or increased plasma volume.


Next is N ...

[drkalpeshg]

Neurofibromatosis is a genetically-transmitted disease in which nerve tissue grows tumors (e.g. neurofibromas) that may be harmless or may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues.

Next word " S"

[vijolica]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Intracranial saccular aneurysms represent the most common etiology of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage , with about 80% of SAH resulting from ruptured aneurysms. Unfortunately, the difficulties in detecting unruptured aneurysms in asymptomatic patients practically preclude the possibility of preventing most SAH.

About 6-8% of all strokes are caused by SAH from ruptured berry aneurysms. Over the past several decades, the incidence of other types of strokes has decreased; however, the incidence of SAH has not decreased.

The patient with acute SAH needs to be managed in an intensive care (ICU) setting, placed in a quiet room, and given mild sedation if agitated. The head end of the bed should be kept elevated at 30° to ensure optimal venous drainage. Blood pressure must be maintained with consideration of the patient's neurological status. Optimally, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of no more than 130-140 mm Hg should be the goal, unless clinical evidence of vasospasm is noted.

Surgical treatment involves clipping of the ruptured berry aneurysm. Endovascular treatment (ie, coiling) is an increasingly practiced alternative to surgical clipping. At many institutions, higher-grade patients and those with significant medical comorbidities tend to be treated by coiling as opposed to clipping. Posterior circulation aneurysms are preferentially treated by coiling because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with surgical clipping.


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[the spiderman]

Entameba
a genus of amebas parasitic in the intestines of vertebrates. Member of the family Endamoebidae.
Entameba bovisfound in cattle; nonpathogenic.

Entameba bubalisan ameba with a single nucleus in the cysts in its trophozoite.

Entameba canibuccalis (syn. Entameba gingivalis)in the mouth of cats, dogs, humans and primates; nonpathogenic.

Entameba caviaefound in guinea pigs; nonpathogenic.

Entameba colia nonpathogenic form found in the intestinal tract of humans. Its importance is that it may be confused with the pathogenic E. histolytica.

Entameba cuniculifound in large bowel of rabbits.

Entameba equifound in horses.

Entameba equibuccalisnonpathogenic; found in the mouths of horses.

Entameba gedoelstifound in horse large intestine; nonpathogenic.

Entameba hartmannifound in large intestine of humans and the colons of dogs; nonpathogenic.

Entameba histolyticaa species causing amebic dysentery and abscess of the liver in humans. Found also in monkey, dog, cat, rat, pig.

Entameba invadenscause of entamebiasis in reptiles. .

Entameba moshkovskiifound in sewage. Resembles E. histolytica.

Entameba murisfound in large intestine of rats and mice; nonpathogenic.

Entameba ovisfound in sheep.

Entameba ranarumfound in tadpoles.

Entameba suigingivalisfound in the mouths of pigs.

Entameba suisfound in swine.

Entameba wenyonian entameba with eight-nucleated cysts in the trophozoite


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[vijolica]

Abruptio Placentae

Abruptio placentae (ie, placental abruption) refers to separation of the normally located placenta after the 20th week of gestation and prior to birth.

Bleeding into the decidua basalis leads to separation of the placenta. Hematoma formation further separates the placenta from the uterine wall, causing compression of these structures and compromise of blood supply to the fetus. Retroplacental blood may penetrate through the thickness of the uterine wall into the peritoneal cavity, a phenomenon known as Couvelaire uterus. The myometrium in this area becomes weakened and may rupture with increased intrauterine pressure during contractions. A myometrium rupture immediately leads to a life-threatening obstetrical emergency.

Severity of fetal distress correlates with the degree of placental separation. In near-complete or complete abruption, fetal death is inevitable unless an immediate cesarian delivery is performed.

Prehospital Care includes emergency care at the advanced life support (ALS) level to all patients with suspected placental abruption. This care includes the following:
* Continuous monitoring of vital signs
* Continuous, high-flow, supplemental oxygen
* One or 2 large-bore IV lines with normal saline (NS) or lactated Ringer (LR) solution
* Monitor amount of vaginal bleeding
* Monitoring of fetal heart
* Treatment of hemorrhagic shock, if needed


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